Vernonia Was Expanded to Include All Students Participating in Extracurricular

Multiple Choice

Vernonia was expanded to include all students participating in extracurricular activities by the Supreme Court decision in Board of Education of Ind. School District 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls, (2002) . On what did Ginsburg, in part, base her dissent?

A) Students who participate in extracurricular activities are significantly less likely to develop substance abuse problems than are their less involved peers
B) Students who participate in extracurricular activities must already incur substantial financial costs, and drug testing would incur even more.
C) Extracurricular activities already have enough of their own rules and procedures to which the student body as a whole is not subjected.
D) While such testing might be acceptable for students who participate in competitive activities such as band contests, it is not appropriate for others.