All Collective Agreements Must Contain Three Articles According to Labour-Relations

Multiple Choice

All collective agreements must contain three articles according to labour-relations legislation. Which of the following articles need not be part of a collective agreement?

A) the company has full authority over the introduction of any technological changes
B) there must be no strike or lockout during the life of the collective agreement
C) the company must recognize the union as the official bargaining agent for the employees
D) the company and the union agree to settle any alleged violation of the agreement by arbitration