In Addition to the Destruction of the Abbasid Political Capital

Multiple Choice

In addition to the destruction of the Abbasid political capital at Baghdad and the weakening of the Muslim military strength, what significant impact did the Mongol conquest have on the Islamic heartland?

A) The destruction of cities from central Asia to the shores of the Mediterranean devastated the focal points of Islamic civilization.
B) The successful assault on the east African city-states weakened the international trading system of Islam.
C) Shi?ism was eliminated as a major factor within Islam.
D) Much of the population of the Islamic heartland was converted to the animism common among the Mongolian nomads.