In Cellular Respiration,electrons Are Moved Along a Series of Membrane

Multiple Choice

In cellular respiration,electrons are moved along a series of membrane proteins during the electron transport chain.If there was a mutation in the DNA coding for each of the proton pumps of the electron transport chain such that these proteins became non-functional,what would you predict to occur?

A) Protons would not be moved from the matrix to the intermembrane space and so ATP synthase would not be activated.
B) Protons would no longer be moved from the intermembrane space to the matrix and so ATP synthase would not be activated.
C) NADH and FADH₂ would have to donate their electrons directly to ATP synthase in order for ATP synthesis to occur.
D) All electrons would have to be stripped from water instead of NADH and FADH2 to create the proton gradient needed to power ATP synthase.