When Just and Carpenter Asked Subjects Report the Relative Heights

Multiple Choice

When Just and Carpenter asked subjects report the relative heights of two craftsmen brothers based on a passage they had just read, results showed that subjects were slower at providing answers when information was directly available than when it was implied. This was because subjects

A) had memory deficits caused by too much information.
B) were making inferences based on mental models.
C) are generally rather inefficient in the formal logic required by deductive reasoning.
D) were unable to arrange the abstract information into a spatial model.
E) had been using their pragmatic reasoning schemas.