Female Fireflies (Photinus Ignitus) Can Use the Protein from a Digested

Multiple Choice

Female fireflies (Photinus ignitus) can use the protein from a digested spermatophore to fuel development of their eggs. This suggests that there are exceptions to Bateman's prediction that

A) females are rather passive participants in courtship and mating.
B) female reproductive success should not increase with an increase in number of mates.
C) males incur trivial costs when mating.
D) all of the above.