Hamilton and Zuk (1982) Were the First to Propose That

Multiple Choice

Hamilton and Zuk (1982) were the first to propose that the elaborate ornaments of males represent reliable signals of health and nutritional status. They tested this by surveying the literature on avian parasites and determining the risk of infection for each bird species. Specifically, they predicted that in species with a low risk of parasite infection,

A) females would be brightly colored.
B) females would not be brightly colored.
C) males would be brightly colored.
D) males would not be brightly colored.