Counterbalanced Designs Are Effective in Reducing Carryover Effects in Within-Subjects

Multiple Choice

Counterbalanced designs are effective in reducing carryover effects in within-subjects designs if:

A)  the magnitude of the carryover effect is small to begin with.
B)  the carryover from Group A to B is different from the carryover from Group B to A.
C)  no appropriate statistical controls exist.
D)  the order effects induced by different orders are of the same approximate magnitude.