Define the Concepts of In-Groups, Out-Groups, and Reference Groups, and Describe

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In-group and out-group are terms coined by William Graham Sumner to express 'we' and 'they' feelings. An in-grou can be defined as any group or category to which people feel they belong. The existence of an in-group, an 'us', implies the existence of an out-group, a 'them'. An out-group is a group to which people do not feel they belong. A reference group is any group that an individual uses as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behaviour. Reference groups have two basic purposes. They serve a normative function by setting and enforcing standards of conduct and belief. They also perform a comparison function by serving as a standard against which people can measure themselves and other. So, for example, let's say you are a university football player. Your in-group is your own team. Your out-group is the opposing team. Your reference group is your favourite professional football team.

Define the Concepts of In-Groups, Out-Groups, and Reference Groups, and Describe

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Define the Concepts of In-Groups, Out-Groups, and Reference Groups, and Describe

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