Assuming That Smoking Reduces Stress, What Is Likely to Occur

Multiple Choice

Assuming that smoking reduces stress, what is likely to occur if paradoxical conditioning is the case?

A) simply seeing a cigarette would increase stress, which would then be reduced by smoking
B) stress levels would increase when the individual smoked a cigarette
C) stress levels would be unaffected by seeing a cigarette
D) the stress reducing effects of smoking would depend on the individual's state of mind