Essay
What types of environments would be conducive to natural selection favoring the ability to learn? Discuss your answer in terms of David Stephens' dichotomy between withinand between-lifetime environmental stability. Also, read the paper by Dunlap & Stephens (2009) titled "Components of Change in the Evolution of Learning and Unlearned Preference" (Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, vol. 276, pp. 3201-3208). Briefly describe the mathematical model that the authors present, focusing particularly on how "reliability of experience" and "predictability of the best action" are factored into the model. Next, describe the experimental evolution approach taken by the authors to test the predictions of their model. What did they find? What do their data say about the factors that influence the evolution of learning?
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