Increased Education and Diversity of the Workforce at All Levels

Multiple Choice

Increased education and diversity of the workforce at all levels are reasons why

A) the top-down approach is preferred.
B) the bottom-up approach is untenable.
C) only top executives have the experience and acumen to make strategy decisions.
D) middle-level and lower-level managers, and even non-managers, should be involved in the strategic planning process.
E) the horizontal approach is the most pragmatic choice.