Axel Wants to Punish a Subordinate That He Personally Dislikes

Multiple Choice

Axel wants to punish a subordinate that he personally dislikes. However, the subordinate fulfils all his job duties and produces excellent work. Both Axel and the subordinate are governed by very comprehensive policies and rules negotiated by a union in a collective agreement. Which contingency does Axel lack that prevents him from arbitrarily punishing the subordinate?

A) Nonsubstitutability
B) Visibility
C) Centrality
D) Counterproductive power
E) Discretion