Despite Relatively Low Levels of Union Density in Western European

Multiple Choice

Despite relatively low levels of union density in western European countries like Germany and France, unions have a strong impact on wage settlements for a majority of workers. Which of the following statements best explains this situation?

A) Highly centralized collective bargaining in which national unions negotiate with employer federations.
B) Decentralized bargaining, whereby local unions negotiate with local employers.
C) European Union legislation that requires workers in all EU countries to receive similar wage settlements.
D) Union density is measured differently in these two countries.