Question 1

Stem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts are called ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   osteopropagator
B)   osteoforming
C)   osteocreator
D)   osteotrophic
E)   osteogenic E

Question 2

During the growth of a long bone, how is the epiphysis forced farther from the shaft?

Accepted Answer

The chondrocytes of the epiphyseal cartilage enlarge and divide, increasing the thickness of the cartilage. On the shaft, the chondrocytes become ossified, "chasing" the expanding epiphyseal cartilage away from the shaft.

Question 3

Achamber within a bone normally filled with air is a

Accepted Answer

A)   foramen.
B)   sinus.
C)   fossa.
D)   canal.
E)   meatus. B

Question 4

The structural units of mature compact bone are called

Accepted Answer

A)   trabeculae.
B)   osteocytes.
C)   osteons.
D)   canaliculi.
E)   lamellae.

Question 5

The organic component of the matrix in developing or repairing bone is called

Accepted Answer

A)   osteon.
B)   osteoid.
C)   hydroxyapatite.
D)   mesenchymal tissue.
E)   calcium phosphate.

Question 6

Of the total inorganic components in bone, calcium accounts for what percent?

Accepted Answer

A)   17%
B)   9.7%
C)   39%
D)   72%
E)   0.72%

Question 7

A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes making them brittle and compromises normal function is called

Accepted Answer

A)   osteopenia.
B)   osteoporosis.
C)   osteomyelitis.
D)   osteitis.
E)   osteomalacia.

Question 8

The layers of bone tissue immediately deep to the periosteum are

Accepted Answer

A)   circumferential lamellae.
B)   osteoid plates.
C)   trabeculae.
D)   concentric lamellae.
E)   epiphseal ridges.

Question 9

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called

Accepted Answer

A)   central canals.
B)   lacunae.
C)   canaliculi.
D)   medullary cavities.
E)   foramina.

Question 10

The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from many directions is ________ bone.

Accepted Answer

A)   spongy
B)   osteon
C)   compact
D)   lamellar
E)   irregular

Question 11

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

A)   roof of the skull
B)   carpal bones
C)   femur
D)   clavicle
E)   the roof of the skull and the clavicle

Question 12

Secondary ossification centers occur

Accepted Answer

A)   in the diaphysis.
B)   at the periosteum.
C)   in the epiphyses.
D)   in the metaphyses.
E)   in dermal bones.

Question 13

Factors that are necessary for proper bone formation include all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)   vitamin A.
B)   vitamin E.
C)   vitamin C.
D)   the hormone thyroxine.
E)   vitamin D.

Question 14

In bone, the calcium phosphate forms crystals of

Accepted Answer

A)   osteoid matrix.
B)   calcium carbonate.
C)   hydroxyapatite.
D)   calcitriol.
E)   proteolytic enzymes.

Question 15

Cells that free calcium from bone to maintain blood calcium levels are called

Accepted Answer

A)   osteolytics.
B)   osteoclasts.
C)   osteoblasts.
D)   osteogenics.
E)   osteocytes.

Question 16

A ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone.

Accepted Answer

A)   comminuted
B)   greenstick
C)   compression
D)   transverse
E)   spiral

Question 17

The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   diaphysis.
B)   epiphysis.
C)   osseophysis.
D)   metaphysis.
E)   medullary cavity.

Question 18

The patella is an example of a(n) ________ bone.

Accepted Answer

A)   irregular
B)   sesamoid
C)   sutural
D)   sagittal
E)   flat

Question 19

Blood is distributed from the surface of a bone to deeper central canals through channels known as

Accepted Answer

A)   perforating canals.
B)   canaliculi.
C)   interstitial canals.
D)   concentric ducts.
E)   concentric canals.

Question 20

Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone

Accepted Answer

A)   calcitonin.
B)   thyroid hormone.
C)   parathyroid hormone.
D)   growth hormone.
E)   testosterone.

Exam 6: Bones and Bone Structure