After a Membrane Freezes and Then Thaws, It Often Becomes

Multiple Choice

After a membrane freezes and then thaws, it often becomes leaky to solutes. The most reasonable explanation for this is that

A) transport proteins become nonfunctional during freezing.
B) the lipid bilayer loses its fluidity when it freezes.
C) aquaporins can no longer function after freezing.
D) the integrity of the lipid bilayer is broken when the membrane freezes.
E) the solubility of most solutes in the cytoplasm decreases on freezing.