Refer to Figure 9

Multiple Choice

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.

-When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the

A) formation of ATP.
B) reduction of NAD⁺.
C) restoration of the Na⁺/K⁺ balance across the membrane.
D) creation of a proton gradient.
E) lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix.