Males Are More Often Affected by Sex-Linked Traits Than Females

Multiple Choice

Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because

A) males are hemizygous for the X chromosome.
B) male hormones such as testosterone often alter the effects of mutations on the X chromosome.
C) female hormones such as estrogen often compensate for the effects of mutations on the X.
D) X chromosomes in males generally have more mutations than X chromosomes in females.
E) mutations on the Y chromosome often worsen the effects of X-linked mutations.