Doris Denning Wanted to Study the Relationship Between High School

Multiple Choice

Doris Denning wanted to study the relationship between high school students' grades and assessments of their teachers.After teaching her research assistants proper interviewing techniques,Doris provided them with fake transcripts and disciplinary histories,which depicted some students as exceptional and others as trouble-makers.In reality,the 'exceptional' students and 'trouble-makers' were labelled as such randomly.Once the assistants' interviews concluded,the data indicated 'exceptional' students held their teachers in much higher esteem than the 'trouble-makers.' What threat to internal validity does Doris' study most likely have?

A) Testing effect
B) Selection bias
C) Diffusion of treatment
D) Experimenter expectancy
E) Hawthorne effect