Question 1

_____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

Accepted Answer

Generalizability

Question 2

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  The independent and dependent variables must be operationally defined for the purposes of experimentation.
B)  The independent and dependent variables are most often operationally defined before the experiment begins.
C)  It is possible for the independent and dependent variables to be operationally defined after a wide variety of observations are made.
D)  The independent and dependent variables can never be operationally defined after a wide variety of observations occur. D

Question 3

Which of the following is a concern when selecting subjects for an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the manner in which subjects will be selected
B)  what variables will be selected
C)  the sample to which the results will apply
D)  level of measurement A

Question 4

Which of the following is true concerning independent and dependent variables in classical experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  A variable can be an independent in one experiment and dependent in another.
B)  Once a variable is designated as an independent variable in one experiment, it can never be used as a dependent variable in another.
C)  A classical experiment examines the effect of a dependent variable on an independent variable.
D)  An independent variable in a classical experiment is viewed as the effect because it is dependent upon another variable.

Question 5

Shortening the time between pretest and posttest or perhaps even offering cash payments to participants in an experiment are techniques that may be used to ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  limit diffusion
B)  decrease experimental mortality
C)  decrease the effects of instrumentation
D)  control threats to testing

Question 6

Give two (2)specific examples of research where a quasi-experimental design would be more appropriate than a classical experiment.Why would each of your examples not fit the classical experiment model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give two (2)specific examples of research where...

Question 7

In the classical experiment subjects are measured on the independent variable before the experiment begins and again after the dependent variable has been manipulated by the researcher.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  proper selection and assignment of subjects to groups
B)  large sample size
C)  small sample size
D)  nothing can rule out threats to internal validity

Question 9

Crime hot spots are areas where crime reports, calls for police service, or other measures of crime are especially common.Police in departments with a good analytic capability routinely identify hot spots and launch special tactics to reduce crime in these areas.What kinds of validity threats should researchers be especially attentive to in studying the effects of police interventions on hot spots?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crime hot spots are areas where crime...

Question 10

Random assignment to experimental and control groups should reduce the threats to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumentation
B)  maturation
C)  generalizability
D)  small sample

Question 11

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The main reason that experiments in criminal justice are so easy to complete is that the researcher need only secure one experimental and one control group for any project.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experiments can be used only in scientific inquiry.
B)  Experiments involve only observing the consequences .
C)  Experiments can be used in scientific and nonscientific human inquiry.
D)  Experiments involve the researcher taking action but they are unconcerned with the consequences of that action.

Question 14

When random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible, the researcher may be forced to use a(n)_____________________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When random assignment to experimental and control...

Question 15

External validity in an experimental design refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher's ability to be sure that they are measuring what they think they are measuring
B)  the lack of concern with issues internal to the study
C)  the ability to apply findings to other populations
D)  instrumentation

Question 16

Experiments are often conducted in public health research where a distinction is made between an efficacy experiment and an effectiveness experiment.Efficacy experiments focus on whether a new health program works under ideal conditions;effectiveness experiments test the program under typical conditions that health professionals encounter in their day-to-day work.Discuss how efficacy experiments and effectiveness experiments reflect concerns about internal validity threats on the one hand and generalizability on the other.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experiments are often conducted in public health...

Question 17

Experimental mortality is also known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  selection
B)  regression
C)  attrition
D)  relevance

Question 18

When using a nonequivalent-groups design, the researcher will handle subject assignment to groups by _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment to experimental and control groups
B)  allowing subjects to pick which group they want to be in
C)  matching subjects in the experimental group to those in the comparison group
D)  using cohort studies

Question 19

Explain why experimentation is not well suited for the purposes of description and exploration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why experimentation is not well suited...

Question 20

Which of the following is not considered a threat to internal validity in an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation
B)  instrumentation
C)  randomization
D)  statistical regression

Exam 5: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

_____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement?

Which of the following is a concern when selecting subjects for an experiment?

Which of the following is true concerning independent and dependent variables in classical experiments?

Shortening the time between pretest and posttest or perhaps even offering cash payments to participants in an experiment are techniques that may be used to ________________.

Give two (2)specific examples of research where a quasi-experimental design would be more appropriate than a classical experiment.Why would each of your examples not fit the classical experiment model?

In the classical experiment subjects are measured on the independent variable before the experiment begins and again after the dependent variable has been manipulated by the researcher.

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Random assignment to experimental and control groups should reduce the threats to _____.

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

The main reason that experiments in criminal justice are so easy to complete is that the researcher need only secure one experimental and one control group for any project.

Which of the following is most accurate?

When random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible, the researcher may be forced to use a(n)_____________________ design.

External validity in an experimental design refers to _____.

Experimental mortality is also known as ________.

When using a nonequivalent-groups design, the researcher will handle subject assignment to groups by _________________.

Explain why experimentation is not well suited for the purposes of description and exploration.

Which of the following is not considered a threat to internal validity in an experimental design?