Senator Hotair, Mary's Uncle, Has Become Disgusted with Joe

Multiple Choice

Senator Hotair, Mary's uncle, has become disgusted with Joe. At a press conference the Senator attacks Joe, calling him names, saying he is a disgusting person and must be crazy. This is printed widely. Joe wants to sue the Senator for defamation. He can sue:

A) but will lose because the Senator is a public figure
B) but will lose because Joe is a private figure, so public comments about him are irrelevant
C) but will lose because members of Congress have immunity from suits for their statements
D) but will lose because of the free speech and debate clause of the Constitution
E) none of the other choices