After a Partial Gastrectomy or Pyloroplasty, Clinical Manifestations That Include

Multiple Choice

After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are a result of:

A) an anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, relax vascular smooth muscles causing shock.
B) hemorrhage postoperatively in which a large volume of blood is lost, causing hypotension with compensatory tachycardia.
C) a concentrated bolus that moves from the stomach into the small intestine, which causes hyperglycemia, resulting in polyuria and eventually hypovolemic shock.
D) a rapid gastric emptying and creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine that causes a sudden shift of fluid from the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen.