Question 1

Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory links deviance to

Accepted Answer

A)   how others respond to the behaviour in question.
B)   the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage conventional behaviour.
C)   how well a person can contain deviant impulses.
D)   how others respond to the race, ethnicity, gender, and class of the individual. B

Question 2

Where Aboriginal peoples represent 2% of the Canadian population, 15.4% of female prisoners are Aboriginal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Participating in the subculture that Elijah Anderson describes as "the code of the streets" raises the risk that young people will end up

Accepted Answer

A)   conforming to conventional morality.
B)   doing better than their parents.
C)   having a career in law enforcement.
D)   in jail or worse. D

Question 4

Thinking about Canada Map 9-1 about homicide rates in Canada, first describe the patterns shown on this map and then, using the information in this chapter, explain why we see the patterns we do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thinking about Canada Map 9-1 about homicide...

Question 5

Many researchers agree that, in Canada, most arrests for street crime involve people of lower class position. Why, according to Robert Merton, Albert Cohen, Walter Miller, and Elijah Anderson, would this be the case? How would a broader definition of crime (to include more white-collar and corporate offenses) change the profile of the typical criminal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many researchers agree that, in Canada, most...

Question 6

Organized crime refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   illegal actions by people with white-collar jobs.
B)   illegal actions on the part of a corporation or large business.
C)   crime involving the cooperation of two or more businesses.
D)   any business that supplies illegal goods or services.

Question 7

Discuss Atkinson's research in the world of hockey. What is dangerous masculinity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss Atkinson's research in the world of...

Question 8

According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based primarily on

Accepted Answer

A)   how often the act occurs.
B)   the moral foundation of the culture.
C)   how harmful the act is to the public as a whole.
D)   differences in power between various categories of people.

Question 9

Which of the following statements illustrates the "medicalization of deviance"?

Accepted Answer

A)   unwanted sexual advances being redefined as sexual assault
B)   drinking too much being redefined as "alcoholism"
C)   the practice of "conversion therapy" applied to homosexuals in religious communities
D)   an individual with a criminal record of drug abuse stealing prescription medication from a pharmacy

Question 10

Based on your reading, it would be correct to say that biological approaches offer

Accepted Answer

A)   a very limited understanding of crime.
B)   a good explanation of most crimes.
C)   a good explanation of violent crime.
D)   a good explanation of property crime.

Question 11

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behaviour of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them?

Accepted Answer

A)   innovator
B)   ritualist
C)   retreatist
D)   rebel

Question 12

Frideres and Godacz note that Aboriginals are less likely than Whites to be homicide suspects in most major Canadian cities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

His friends begin to criticize Marco as a "juice-head," pushing him out of their social circle. Marco begins to drink even more, becomes bitter, and joins a new group of friends who also are heavy drinkers. According to Lemert, Marco's situation illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the onset of primary deviance.
B)   the onset of secondary deviance.
C)   the formation of a deviant subculture.
D)   the onset of retreatism.

Question 14

The use of the death penalty differs across countries, but not time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for violent and property crime

Accepted Answer

A)   is about the same for people of all class levels.
B)   is higher for people in higher class levels.
C)   is higher for people in lower class levels.
D)   almost always involves middle-class people.

Question 16

Regarding Global Map 9-1 Capital Punishment in Global Perspective, discuss the general pattern seen on this map. How would you explain the exceptions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding Global Map 9-1 Capital Punishment in...

Question 17

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)   students enrolled in college
B)   teenagers on sports teams with after-school jobs
C)   youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen
D)   young people with respect for their parents

Question 18

State four ways in which, according to Emile Durkheim, deviance is functional for society as a whole.

Accepted Answer

The answer of State four ways in which, according to...

Question 19

Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   who responds; police or medical personnel
B)   the parents of the perpetrator
C)   perceptions of the victim; people are far more willing to forgive a behavioural condition than a medical one
D)   the perpetrator themself; self-image is a direct result of deviance

Question 20

Society's formal response to crime is

Accepted Answer

A)   the criminal justice system.
B)   revenge.
C)   total institutions.
D)   retribution.

Exam 9: Deviance