Why Is the Actual Money Multiplier Smaller Than the Simple

Multiple Choice

Why is the actual money multiplier smaller than the simple money multiplier?  

A)  because the actual multiplier involves M2 rather than M1 
B)  because cash withdrawals reduce the amount banks can lend out 
C)  because withdrawals from chequable deposits increase the amount of excess reserves each bank receives 
D)  because the actual multiplier uses a different measure of desired reserves