Downstream Vertical Integration Is LEAST Necessary When ________

Multiple Choice

Downstream vertical integration is LEAST necessary when ________.

A) sales teams are important in creating a strong brand image
B) channel members lack financial incentives to implement brand strategies
C) brand equity among consumers is independent of channel member actions
D) after-sales support of the branded product is necessary to ensure customer satisfaction
E) brand strategy requires a level of cooperation that overrides the decision-making discretion of channel members