Christopher,a 2-Month-Old Infant,has a Bluish Tinge to His Skin

Multiple Choice

Christopher,a 2-month-old infant,has a bluish tinge to his skin.Upon listening to the infant's chest,the physician became concerned about a leakage of blood between the right and left atria.What might have caused this problem and what is the treatment?

A) The ductus venosus may not have closed at birth, and immediate surgical repair may be needed.
B) The ductus arteriosus may not have closed at birth, and immediate surgical repair may be needed.
C) The foramen ovale may not be closed, causing backflow of blood into the lungs. The physician will reexamine the infant frequently because the foramen ovale may take as long as 9 months to heal.
D) The foramen ovale may be closed, causing backflow of blood into the lungs. The physician will reexamine the infant frequently because the foramen ovale may take as long as 9 months to open.