When We Find Any Discrepancy Between the Assumed Independence of Variables

Multiple Choice

When we find any discrepancy between the assumed independence of variables in a population and the observed distribution of sample elements,we can explain that discrepancy how?

A) we attribute the discrepancy to the nonprobability sample alone
B) the discrepancy can be the result of poor data collection
C) we attribute the discrepancy to an unrepresentative sample causing us to reject the assumption of independence
D) we attribute the discrepancy to poor sample selection and to poor operational definitions of the main variables