Joan, the Editorial Head of a Daily Newspaper, Implements a Change

Multiple Choice

Joan, the editorial head of a daily newspaper, implements a change to the newspaper's outline. He discusses this change with Sylvia, the marketing head of the company, and advises her to improvise the marketing strategy based on the updated outline. In the context of organizational authority, Joan is most likely exercising _____.

A) pseudo-authority
B) centralized authority
C) line authority
D) staff authority