DrOswald Conducts a Study Examining the Relationship Between the Number

Multiple Choice

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings.
-Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01)
-Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig.
-Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04)

-Matt,Dr.Oswald's research assistant,is discussing the findings of the study with some other students.He claims that the experience of more daily stress causes people to have lower life satisfaction.Which of the following causal criteria did Matt meet?

A) The covariance of cause and effect
B) Temporal precedence
C) Internal validity
D) External validity