A Common Finding in the Study of Aggression Is That

Multiple Choice

A common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to television is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children. You know this relationship may not be causal because you are not sure which occurred first: watching television or being aggressive. You are questioning which of the following rules of causation?

A) the criterion of covariance
B) the criterion of temporal precedence
C) the third-variable criterion
D) the criterion of external validity