Contrast Media-Induced Nephrotoxicity (CIN)results from Administering Intravascular Radiographic Contrast Material

Multiple Choice

Contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) results from administering intravascular radiographic contrast material.After the administration of contrast,a transient increase in blood flow is then followed by a longer period of decreased blood flow to the kidneys.Which statement best describes a true risk factor for CIN?

A) Biphasic renal flow has been shown to induce CIN.
B) Underlying renal insufficiency is believed to be a predictor of CIN.
C) Occasional nephrotoxic drug use and dehydration among diabetic patients comprise most patients with CIN.
D) Vasodilatation, toxic stress, and tubular necrosis are known contributing factors as cited by a recent study.