Cross-Sectional Studies of Intelligence May Reveal Differences Between Young and Old

Multiple Choice

Cross-sectional studies of intelligence may reveal differences between young and old people that do not arise from age but from characteristics of different cohorts, including which of the following?

A) Young people are more familiar than old people with test taking.
B) Old people show more test anxiety than young people.
C) Some old people accept the prejudices of ageism and believe that intelligence declines with age.
D) Young people are less cautious than old people and may be more likely to guess at the answer on tests of intelligence.
E) All of these.