Promissory Estoppel Is a Contractual Doctrine That Includes Which of the Following

Multiple Choice

Promissory estoppel is a contractual doctrine that includes which of the following considerations?

A) The courts use the doctrine of promissory estoppel to enforce noncontractual promises.
B) Under this doctrine, the promisor reasonably expects that the promisee, in reliance on the promise, will be induced by the promise to take action or refrain from taking action and the promisee does so.
C) The courts will not, under any circumstance, enforce promises that do not include all four of the elements of contract.
D) Both (a) and (b) .