Clinical Testing Shows That a Newborn Has a Bowel Obstruction

Multiple Choice

Clinical testing shows that a newborn has a bowel obstruction caused by a volvulus.Further assessment reveals that the infant's cecum and colon occupy the left abdominal side.Recognizing this is a congenital rotational anomaly,what patterns of gut rotation during GI development could have led to this situation?

A) The initial 90-degree counterclockwise rotation of the intestinal loop occurred, but subsequent rotational steps failed.
B) The initial 90-degree counterclockwise rotation of the intestinal loop occurred, which was followed subsequently by another 180-degree counterclockwise rotation.
C) Each limb of the intestinal loop rotated separately, with only the cranial intestinal limb rotating 90 degrees counterclockwise in the initial rotational step and only the caudal limb rotating 180 degrees counterclockwise during the second rotational step.
D) The initial 90-degree counterclockwise rotation of the intestinal loop occurred, but the subsequent 180-degree rotational step was in the clockwise direction.