Sociologist Robert Merton Applied the Sociological Concepts First Identified by Emile

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The Answer is Robert Merton's theory of anomie, also known as strain theory, is based on the work of Emile Durkheim and applies sociological concepts to criminology. Merton argued that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals, such as wealth and success, but not everyone has the means to achieve these goals through legitimate means. This creates a state of anomie, or normlessness, where individuals may turn to deviant or criminal behavior in order to achieve these goals.

Merton identified five possible ways that individuals may respond to the strain of anomie: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Conformity involves accepting both the goals and the means to achieve them, while innovation involves accepting the goals but rejecting the legitimate means and turning to crime. Ritualism involves rejecting the goals but continuing to follow the legitimate means, while retreatism involves rejecting both the goals and the means and withdrawing from society. Rebellion involves rejecting both the goals and the means and seeking to replace them with alternative goals and means.

Merton's theory has been influential in understanding the relationship between social structure and crime. It highlights the role of social expectations and opportunities in shaping criminal behavior, and it emphasizes the importance of considering the broader social context when studying crime. However, the theory has also been criticized for its focus on individual responses to strain, and for not adequately addressing the role of power and inequality in shaping opportunities for success. Additionally, some argue that the theory may not fully explain all forms of criminal behavior, as it primarily focuses on economic goals and means.

In conclusion, Merton's theory of anomie has been an important contribution to criminology, as it highlights the impact of social structure on criminal behavior. However, it is important to consider its limitations and to continue to explore the complex and multifaceted nature of crime and deviance.

Sociologist Robert Merton Applied the Sociological Concepts First Identified by Emile

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Sociologist Robert Merton Applied the Sociological Concepts First Identified by Emile

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