What Is Ethical Behaviour Regarding the Use of Deception in Social

Multiple Choice

What is ethical behaviour regarding the use of deception in social research?

A) Deception is always forbidden; it should never be used under any conditions whatsoever.
B) Deception can be used anytime a researcher feels he or she can learn more by using it, so long as the subjects have given their "informed consent."
C) Deception can be used anytime a researcher feels he or she would learn more by using it, but only if the researcher afterward "debriefs" the subjects, telling them about the deception.
D) Deception can only be used if it is necessary for a specific research purpose, only to the minimal degree required for that purpose, and subjects should give informed consent before participating and be debriefed immediately afterward.
E) Deception can only be used when one is working with "special populations," during which time debriefing is optional.