When Comparing Qualitative and a Quantitative Approaches to Measurement,operationalization in the Qualitative

Multiple Choice

When comparing qualitative and a quantitative approaches to measurement,operationalization in the qualitative approach involves which of the following?

A) More of an "after-the-fact" description based on what was observed in the data than based on a preplanned idea
B) A researcher taking a carefully developed theoretical definition and developing specific empirical indicators of it for use when later gathering data
C) A process that comes after careful conceptualization; operationalization never comes before careful conceptualization in qualitative research
D) There is no difference between qualitative and quantitative operationalization.
E) There is no operationalization in qualitative research.