Many Vaccines Now in Development Will Include Highly Purified, Recombinant

Multiple Choice

Many vaccines now in development will include highly purified, recombinant, or synthetic peptide antigens. These vaccine antigens are expected to stimulate highly specific immune responses, but they are less immunogenic than vaccines containing intact killed or live microbes. Adjuvants are substances added to such vaccines to enhance their ability to elicit T cell immune responses. Which of the following statements about adjuvants is NOT correct?

A) Adjuvants induce local inflammation, thereby increasing the number of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) at the site of immunization.
B) Adjuvants stimulate the expression of costimulators on local APCs.
C) Adjuvants enhance local production of cytokines that promote T cell activation.
D) Adjuvants prolong the expression of peptide-MHC complexes on the surface of APCs.
E) Adjuvants bind to T cell antigen receptors and promote their proliferation.