RESEARCH STUDY 7.1 Dr. Oswald Conducts a Study Examining the Relationship Between the Relationship

Multiple Choice

RESEARCH STUDY 7.1
Dr. Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction. She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis, Tennessee, area in the southern United States. Below are her findings.
 Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 (p = .01)
 Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09, not sig.
 Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 (p = .04)
-Refer to Research Study 7.1 above to answer the following question. Matt,Dr.Oswald's research assistant,is discussing the findings of the study with some other students.He claims that the experience of more daily stress causes people to have lower life satisfaction.Which of the following keeps Matt from being correct?

A) The study did not establish the covariance of cause and effect
B) The study did not establish temporal precedence
C) The study did not establish internal validity
D) Both b and c
E) All of the above