Why Did the Population of Jews in Europe Drop from 9.5

Multiple Choice

Why did the population of Jews in Europe drop from 9.5 million before World War II to less than 2 million today?

A) Their birth rates dropped as their urbanization rate increased, and the creation of Israel caused most to emigrate to the Middle East.
B) The creation of Israel caused most Jews to emigrate from Europe to the Middle East.
C) Their birth rates dropped as rates of urbanization increased.
D) German Nazis murdered approximately 6 million Jews in the Holocaust.
E) All of the choices are correct.