Question 1

Which musculoskeletal change occurs due to aging?

Accepted Answer

A) Bone mass increases. 
B) Synovial fluid increases. 
C) Intervertebral discs decrease in hydration. 
D) Muscle strength and endurance decrease. D

Question 2

Which consideration is appropriate when working with a client in hospice?

Accepted Answer

A) For consistency, being the only person to massage the client 
B) Using the prone position as much as possible 
C) Attending workshops about the end of life process 
D) Making every effort to remain detached from the client C

Question 3

Which conditions indicate that a client is pre-frail?

Accepted Answer

A) Fast walking speed and weakness 
B) High level of physical activity and weakness 
C) Slow walking speed and sarcopenia 
D) Self-reported exhaustion and increased grip strength C

Question 4

Which factor should the massage therapist consider when planning a treatment for an elderly client?

Accepted Answer

A) Technique adaptations will be unnecessary. 
B) Percussion is indicated to help increase blood flow to tissues. 
C) It is likely that there will be at least one chronic condition managed by medication. 
D) Time for the intake process should be reduced to provide a full hour treatment.

Question 5

Which condition is common in the elderly?

Accepted Answer

A) Cystic fibrosis 
B) Depression 
C) Cushing syndrome 
D) Tuberculosis

Question 6

Physical activity can delay some of the physical changes that occur with advancing age by:

Accepted Answer

A) improving oxygenation of tissues. 
B) decreasing circulation. 
C) moving nutrients away from cells. 
D) decreasing hydration.

Question 7

Between the ages of 50 and 80, cerebral blood flow decreases by how much?

Accepted Answer

A) 10% 
B) 20% 
C) 30% 
D) 40%

Question 8

Which method is appropriate when interacting with clients who have impairments?

Accepted Answer

A) Directing all conversation to the impaired client instead of his or her caregiver 
B) Handing a visually impaired client a bottle of water without touching him or her 
C) For a hearing impaired client, typing on a table with the zoom feature at 100% 
D) Greeting a visually impaired client's service dog before greeting the client

Question 9

Which treatment space consideration is appropriate to ensure safety for elderly or impaired clients?

Accepted Answer

A) Having bottom and top sheets the same color 
B) Using a massage table narrower than 33 inches 
C) Lowering an electric lift table to 18 to 24 inches for ease of getting on and off 
D) Having ice readily available to reduce inflammation from friction techniques

Question 10

Which condition may result from nerve cell degeneration?

Accepted Answer

A) Senile dementia 
B) Decreased hormone production 
C) Parkinson disease 
D) Macular degeneration

Question 11

Which effect does aging have on the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

A) Skin pigmentation decreases. 
B) The number of hair follicles increases. 
C) Nails grow more quickly. 
D) Decreased fat increases risk of bruising.

Question 12

Which statement describes the genetic theory of aging?

Accepted Answer

A) Free radicals accumulate and damage cell membranes. 
B) Everyone experiences changes due to cellular dysfunction at the same age. 
C) Hormones decrease in function as a person grows older. 
D) Changes in skin, the brain, and other organs are from cellular dysfunction.

Question 13

What age do most Americans consider the beginning of old age?

Accepted Answer

A) 55 
B) 60 
C) 65 
D) 70

Question 14

What is the purpose of palliative care?

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing circulation 
B) Providing comfort 
C) Increasing range of motion 
D) Counteracting the effects of disease

Question 15

Which effect does aging have on the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased venous return 
B) Reduced vessel wall elasticity; increases risk of bruising 
C) Decreased risk of anemia 
D) Increased circulation and decreased blood pressure

Question 16

What percentage of the elderly has at least one chronic condition?

Accepted Answer

A) 50% 
B) 75% 
C) 85% 
D) 90%

Question 17

Which term refers to the period of life from old age to death?

Accepted Answer

A) Presbyopia 
B) Senescence 
C) Sarcopenia 
D) Hospice

Question 18

Which treatment modification is appropriate for a client who is inactive and frail?

Accepted Answer

A) Delivering techniques more rhythmically and quickly 
B) Increasing downward pressure and shearing force over the skin 
C) Using lubricant between the client's toes to alleviate dry skin 
D) Assisting the client in sitting or standing upright when needed

Exam 16: Aging and Massage