Question 1

With which of the following sentences would the author disagree?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mind creates and controls mental processes such as language and emotions.
B)   The mind can create representations of the world.
C)   The mind is a problem solver.
D)   We can consider the mind extraordinary if it is used for extraordinary purposes. D

Question 2

What does the field of neuropsychology study?

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavior of people with brain damage
B)   Electrical responses of the nervous system
C)   Higher mental processes
D)   Sequences of mental operations involved in cognition A

Question 3

Donders's main reason for doing his choice reaction time experiment was to study

Accepted Answer

A)   sensation.
B)   childhood attachment styles.
C)   decision making.
D)   personality development. C

Question 4

The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive psychology.
B)   introspection.
C)   behaviorism.
D)   memory consolidation.

Question 5

Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?

Accepted Answer

A)   Raynor
B)   Sanders
C)   James
D)   Tolman

Question 6

In Donders's experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press a button upon presentation of a light, they were engaged in a

Accepted Answer

A)   sensory memory task.
B)   simple reaction time task.
C)   choice reaction time task.
D)   classical conditioning task.

Question 7

Consider the following definition of the mind: The mind is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals. Which element of the mind does this definition emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)   Functioning and survival
B)   Attention
C)   Routine
D)   Cognition

Question 8

Which of the following terms is correct in context with "Pairing one stimulus with another"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognitive mapping
B)   Paradigm shift
C)   Classical conditioning
D)   Behaviorism

Question 9

Wundt's procedure in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli presented under controlled conditions is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   information processing.
B)   analytic introspection.
C)   functional analysis.
D)   behavioral analysis.

Question 10

Your text describes the occurrence of a "cognitive revolution" during which dramatic changes took place in the way psychology was studied. This so-called revolution occurred parallel to (and, in part, because of) the introduction of

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive psychology textbooks.
B)   analytic introspection.
C)   Skinner boxes.
D)   computers.

Question 11

The use of the term artificial intelligence was coined by

Accepted Answer

A)   B. F. Skinner.
B)   Colin Cherry.
C)   Edward Tolman.
D)   John McCarthy.

Question 12

How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning? How might cognition play a role in the process of operant conditioning? Give an example to support your thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does classical conditioning differ from operant...

Question 13

Behaviorists believe that the presentation of ____________ increases the frequency of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcers
B)   discriminative stimuli
C)   backward conditioning
D)   inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 14

Wundt's approach, which dominated psychology in the late 1800s and early 1900s, was known as

Accepted Answer

A)   structuralism.
B)   analytic introspection.
C)   sensations.
D)   cognitive psychology.

Question 15

Neuroimage, a journal devoted solely to reporting neuroimaging research, was founded in which year?

Accepted Answer

A)   1975
B)   1984
C)   1992
D)   2000

Question 16

Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?

Accepted Answer

A)   Analytic introspection
B)   Measuring reaction times
C)   Operant conditioning
D)   Classical conditioning

Question 17

Which book was written by Thomas Kuhn?

Accepted Answer

A)   Verbal Behavior
B)   The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
C)   Cognitive Psychology
D)   Sensory Memory

Question 18

Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers for artificial intelligence. Their computer program

Accepted Answer

A)   simulated human attention.
B)   created proofs for problems in logic.
C)   controlled presentation of visual stimuli.
D)   produced the first flow diagram.

Question 19

The main point of the Donders's reaction time experiments was to

Accepted Answer

A)   show that reaction times can be measured accurately.
B)   measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision.
C)   determine differences in the way people react to stimuli.
D)   show that our cognitions are often based on unconscious inferences.

Question 20

Verbal Behavior was written by

Accepted Answer

A)   Noam Chomsky.
B)   Watson.
C)   Tolman.
D)   B. F. Skinner.

Exam 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology