Smoking Cigarettes and Having Lung Cancer Are Highly Correlated Events,and

Multiple Choice

Smoking cigarettes and having lung cancer are highly correlated events,and people often logically conclude that smoking must cause the cancer.It is hypothetically possible,however,that having lung cancer causes one to crave nicotine and thus it leads to smoking.This example illustrates the issue of

A) the third variable.
B) a reversed cause-effect relationship.
C) time of measurement effects.
D) plasticity.