Xavier Was Given a List of Words as Part of a Memory

Multiple Choice

Xavier was given a list of words as part of a memory test that included "dog,pail,and hate." Later,he recalled these words as "log,whale,and late." Based on Xavier's errors in recall,how did he encode the original word list

A)  semantically 
B)  phonemically 
C)  retroactively 
D)  structurally