Lucy Lucy Is a 10-Year-Old Who Has Just Completed a Typical

Multiple Choice

Lucy
Lucy is a 10-year-old who has just completed a typical intelligence test. Her overall score places her right at the average for children her age. She did not score equally well on all components of the test, however. One part of the test was problematic for Lucy. When she had to assemble blocks to match a design, she understood how to do the task, but she had real difficulty just manipulating the blocks because her manual dexterity is very poor; she kept fumbling with the pieces. Lucy got very frustrated with that task. When she realized that her frustration was likely going to make her even more likely to make mistakes, she stopped, took a deep breath, and calmed herself down a bit. When she started back up again she made fewer mistakes. The test administrator noticed Lucy's distress and said, "Don't worry, lots of little girls have trouble with the blocks." Lucy started making mistakes again after that.
-Which hypothesis is illustrated by Lucy's difficulty after the test administrator's comments

A)  reaction range 
B)  Flynn effect 
C)  cumulative deprivation hypothesis 
D)  stereotype vulnerability