The "Labor-In-Vain" Effect Refers To

Multiple Choice

The "labor-in-vain" effect refers to:

A) the observation that participants will study more difficult items more than easy ones, but not enough to bridge the gap in recall between the two sets.
B) the observation that allocation of study time is not correlated with performance.
C) the observation that the hard work that goes into making JOLs should be redirected to actual study.
D) the observation that participants who tend to give inflated JOLs are also those with higher self-esteem.