An IndustryWeek Survey of 845 Line Managers from Diverse Organizations

Multiple Choice

An IndustryWeek survey of 845 line managers from diverse organizations found that only 29 percent of first-level supervisors thought that their organization encouraged employees to express opinions openly. Which of the following do the overwhelming majority of these supervisors most likely engage in?

A) organizational silence  
B) organizational filtering  
C) negative grapevining  
D) lower-level filtering