Experiments for Testing the Good Genes Model of Sexual Selection

Multiple Choice

Experiments for testing the good genes model of sexual selection are notoriously difficult.One problem is separating environmental factors associated with a particular father (e.g.,brood care by father) from the effect of a father's genetics.Which of the following experimental designs resolves this problem?

A) Randomize the offsprings' environment by transplanting offspring to nests of different fathers.
B) Obtain very large sample sizes to factor out fathers' environmental influence.
C) Use genetically identical fathers.
D) This problem cannot be solved. Only species in which the father contributes nothing but its genes.
E) A, B, and C