Suppose That Epicephala Moths Are Part of a Larger Group

Multiple Choice

Suppose that Epicephala moths are part of a larger group of moths whose members are all seed feeders, but none of the other seed-feeding genera are involved in the pollination of their host plant. What would you conclude to be the most parsimonious pathway for the evolution of the mutualistic relationship between Epicephala and Glochidion plants?

A) It evolved via a pollination mutualism without a seed-feeding relationship.
B) Epicephala started out eating Glochidion foliage before starting to pollinate the flowers of its host.
C) Pollination evolved as a by-product of female moths laying their eggs in Glochidion flowers.
D) The ancestor of mutualistic Epicephala larvae had pollen-feeding larvae.