Question 1

Why can't infants be taught to walk or crawl or speak much before the typical age at which these s are attained?

Accepted Answer

Most of the s infants acquire along the way are tied into the child's physical and cognitive development. Thus, it is not possible to teach a child to crawl or walk when his/her body musculature is not yet capable of holding its own weight. That child's muscles and strength will develop on its own timetable as dictated by its genes and the information carried in those genes (a process called maturation). Similarly, a child cannot learn to speak before his/her physical body (muscles involved in speaking)and cognitive s are adequately developed.
If it is the case where the child is taught these s, they are usually acquired close to the typical timetable of development with no lasting impact on overall development.

Question 2

Eight-year-old James is told to look at two equal amounts of juice in two identical glasses. Then, right in front of him, one of the glasses of juice is poured into a tall, skinny glass. James is convinced that the juice in the tall, skinny glass is more than the juice in the original glass. According to Piaget, James does not yet understand the concept of _____.

Accepted Answer

conservation OR conservation of volume

Question 3

_____ intelligence tends to increase over the lifespan, whereas _____ intelligence tends to decrease as time goes on.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid; crystallized
B)  Nonverbal; fluid
C)  Crystallized; fluid
D)  Nonverbal; verbal C

Question 4

The period of the fetus begins at _____ and ends with _____, which takes about _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  conception; birth; nine months
B)  the first trimester; implantation into the uterine wall; twelve weeks
C)  conception; implantation into the uterine wall; two weeks
D)  week nine; birth; thirty-two weeks

Question 5

_____ is defined as the ability to base logical reasoning on a hypothetical premise.

Accepted Answer

A)  Naïve idealism
B)  The personal fable
C)  Egocentrism
D)  Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Question 6

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erik Erikson - moral development
B)  Lawrence Kohlberg - attachment
C)  Jean Piaget - psychosocial stages of development
D)  Elisabeth Kübler-Ross - death and dying

Question 7

Which stage of moral development exemplifies Kohlberg's statement that "good behavior is that which pleases or helps others and is approved by them"?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 of the preconventional level
B)  stage 2 of the preconventional level
C)  stage 3 of the conventional level
D)  stage 4 of the conventional level

Question 8

Why does Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development cross the entire lifespan?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial...

Question 9

Contrast the stereotypes of older adulthood with the facts. Discuss brain changes, cognition, physical and social-emotional functioning. Include ways to age successfully.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast the stereotypes of older adulthood with...

Question 10

Four-year-old Stacia proudly exclaimed, "Dad, I writed my name all by myself!" Stacia just demonstrated the _____ error, which tends to be common among children learning language.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Four-year-old Stacia proudly exclaimed, "Dad, I writed...

Question 11

Daliah was at a diner with her 3-year-old son. When he was done with his lunch, he wanted to take his tray to the trash can. Because Daliah wasn't sure he would be able to complete that task without dropping everything, she helped him hold one side of his tray. According to Lev Vygotsky, in which of the following concepts did Daliah just engage?

Accepted Answer

A)  private speech
B)  the zone of proximal development
C)  ego integrity
D)  scaffolding

Question 12

Which of the following can be concluded from Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Harlow demonstrated that food was the only factor involved in creating attachment between rhesus monkeys and the surrogate "mothers."
B)  The monkeys clearly preferred the cloth "mother" as evidenced by clinging behavior to the cloth "mother" in new situations.
C)  The monkeys had no real preference for either "mother"; they typically sat in a corner and rocked or sucked their thumbs.
D)  Harlow demonstrated that contact comfort had little to do with attachment of rhesus monkeys to the surrogate "mothers."

Question 13

Are Kübler-Ross's stages of death and dying universal? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Are Kübler-Ross's stages of death and dying...

Question 14

When 70-year-old Lesley looks at the life she has lived thus far, she thinks to herself, "Well, I have really given it my all. I have worked hard in my career and feel as if I did the best I could at raising my family. I feel good about the choices I have made." In which stage of psychosocial development is Lesley?

Accepted Answer

A)  identity vs. role confusion
B)  ego integrity vs. despair
C)  industry vs. inferiority
D)  generativity vs. stagnation

Question 15

William was simply devastated by the loss of his brother to colon cancer. The time between the diagnosis and his death was only three months. Shortly thereafter, William started to show signs of sadness and withdrawal that worried other family members. He just couldn't seem to shake his despair. Which of the following stages of death and dying might William be experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  anger
B)  bargaining
C)  denial
D)  depression

Question 16

Trav and his mother were in a playroom at school. Trav was playing in and exploring the playroom as they waited to meet his new preschool teacher. As the teacher entered the room, she kindly introduced herself to Trav and his mother. Then Trav's mother was asked to step away from the room to sign some enrollment forms. When the mother returned to the playroom, Trav ran up to her to be picked up and gave her a hug. He then politely asked to get down so he could further explore the neat toys in the room. The preschool teacher was impressed with his behavior and told his mother she looks forward to having Trav as a student. Which attachment type does Trav likely have with his mother?

Accepted Answer

A)  secure attachment
B)  disorganized attachment
C)  resistant attachment
D)  avoidant attachment

Question 17

Sixteen-year-old Andre was helping his parents clean the windows. Unfortunately, one of the panes of glass nearby fell out of the window opening and left a cut on Andre's nose as he caught it. Andre is upset because now he is convinced his classmates will notice it and poke fun of him at school. Which of the following concepts best underlies Andre's thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  the imaginary audience
B)  reversibility
C)  naïve idealism
D)  the personal fable

Question 18

Which example best describes the zone of proximal development?

Accepted Answer

A)  trying to teach a 1-year-old how to add
B)  dressing a 4-year-old child who keeps saying, "I'll do it!"
C)  attempting to teach a 5-year-old trigonometry
D)  showing a toddler a book that has many colors, some of which the toddler already knows

Question 19

Initiative is to guilt as industry is to _____

Accepted Answer

A)  inferiority.
B)  identity.
C)  stagnation.
D)  ego integrity.

Question 20

Which of Erikson's stages goes hand-in-hand with children aged 6 to about puberty?

Accepted Answer

A)  ego integrity vs. despair
B)  autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C)  industry vs. inferiority
D)  basic trust vs. mistrust

Exam 8: Human Development